{"id":392,"date":"2012-08-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2012-08-03T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/the-textus-receptus-was-little-more-than-an-intellectual-fraud-and-financial-hoax\/"},"modified":"2026-08-05T13:59:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T13:59:50","slug":"the-textus-receptus-was-little-more-than-an-intellectual-fraud-and-financial-hoax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/the-textus-receptus-was-little-more-than-an-intellectual-fraud-and-financial-hoax\/","title":{"rendered":"The Textus Receptus was little more than an intellectual fraud and financial hoax."},"content":{"rendered":"

Until quite recently, the Textus Receptus<\/em> was touted as the foundation of all English translations of the Greek text which is errantly known as \u201cthe Christian New Testament.\u201d And yet it was little more than an intellectual fraud and financial hoax. In October of 1515 CE, a Dutch secular humanist, Desiderius Erasmus, and Johann Froben, a publisher of low repute, took five months to mark up, adding and taking away from, a flawed 12th<\/sup>-century Medieval Greek manuscript, and they set type directly from those arbitrary scribbles. Then in places where their manuscript was void, they filled in the blanks by translating portions of the Latin Vulgate back into Greek. Worse, when Roman Catholic clerics protested that some of their pet passages weren\u2019t included, to quiet their critics, Erasmus and Froben added them without any legitimate basis. Such an example is the story of \u201cJesus and the adulterous woman\u201d recounted in John 8:1-11, whereby the \u201cone without sin\u201d was told \u201cto cast the first stone.\u201d This, the most famous and often quoted \u201cNew Testament\u201d abstract is false. It did not occur. The alleged discussion, which if true, would have Yahowsha\u2019 disavowing the Torah. But it is not found in any manuscript prior to the 8th<\/sup> century CE. Similarly, you will not find the ending of Mark, chapter 16 verses 9-20, in any pre-Constantine manuscript, nor even in the 4th<\/sup>-century Codex Sinaiticus or Vaticanus.<\/p>\n

But in the absence of a viable competitor, Erasmus\u2019s and Froben\u2019s scholastic and financial fraud was said to be \u201ca text received by all in which we have nothing changed or corrupted.\u201d This myth was thus rendered: \u201cthe Textus Receptus<\/em>.\u201d And while the evidence is overwhelming that the King James Bible, which was first printed in 1609, was actually a revision of prior English translations of the Latin Vulgate, its authors attributed their text to this very same and highly flawed Textus Receptus<\/em>. The KJV then became so popular; no English translation has yet been offered which dares to correct its familiar phrasing, especially of the most memorable passages.<\/p>\n

It wasn\u2019t until 1707 that the Textus Receptus<\/em> was challenged\u2014effectively undermining the basis of the Reformation and Protestantism. John Mill, a fellow of Queens College in Oxford, invested 30 years comparing the Textus Receptus<\/em> to some one hundred much older Greek manuscripts. In so doing, he documented 30,000 variations between them. And even this was just a rash on a donkey\u2019s posterior. Known variations between the oldest manuscripts of the Greek text, and those which publishers now claim serve as the basis for their translations, may actually exceed 300,000.<\/p>\n

Even though some improvements were made in the later Westcott and Hort<\/em> (1881) and Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament<\/em> (1898 (also known as Novum Testamentum Graece<\/em>)), both texts, while differing substantially from the Textus Receptus<\/em>, remain more in sync with it than with the earliest extant (and recently discovered and published) Greek manuscripts from the first- through third-centuries CE. So while Christian pastors hold up their favorite English translation of their \u201cBible\u201d and proclaim that it is \u201cthe inerrant word of God,\u201d factually, the book they are touting isn\u2019t even remotely consistent with the earliest witnesses.<\/p>\n

Some of these same issues exist with the Hebrew text\u2014albeit to a lesser degree. All English Bible translations claim to be based upon the Masoretic, an 11th<\/sup> century vocalization of Babylonian Hebrew (itself a pseudo-translation of Ancient and Paleo Hebrew) composed by politically- and religiously-minded, and very misguided, rabbis. Their copyedits of Yahowah\u2019s Word are now legend, revealed courtesy of the 3rd<\/sup>-century BCE through 1st<\/sup>-century CE, Dead Sea Scrolls. For example, in the Great Isaiah Scroll in which the entire text has been preserved, we find that the oldest witness from Qumran and the Masoretic Text differ by 14% with regard to the textual root of the words alone. To this we must add innumerable errant vocalizations which significantly alter the meanings of the words Yahowah selected.<\/p>\n

So while God\u2019s words in the Torah, Prophets, and Psalms, and Yahowsha\u2019s words properly translated and accurately retained in the eyewitness accounts, were inspired, and while much of what they revealed has been preserved in old manuscripts and thus can be known, translations are strictly human affairs. As such, I do not claim that my Scriptural presentations are perfect, only that they are as accurate and complete as I can render them using the oldest manuscripts and best research tools. For this purpose I have relied upon:<\/p>\n

The Dead Seas Scrolls Bible<\/em><\/p>\n

Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon<\/em><\/p>\n

The Hebrew & Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Hebrew<\/em><\/p>\n

Gesenius\u2019 Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

New American Standard Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Dictionaries<\/em><\/p>\n

A Biblical Hebrew Reference Grammar<\/em><\/p>\n

The Enhanced Strong\u2019s Lexicon<\/em><\/p>\n

Englishman\u2019s Concordance<\/em><\/p>\n

Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The Complete Word Study Guide of the Old Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The ESV English-Hebrew Reverse Interlinear Old Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia; Werkgroep Informatica, Vrije Morphology<\/em><\/p>\n

The Lexham Hebrew-English Interlinear Bible<\/em><\/p>\n

Zondervan\u2019s Hebrew-English Old Testament Interlinear<\/em><\/p>\n

Logos Scholar\u2019s Platinum Edition Software<\/em><\/p>\n

The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts<\/em><\/p>\n

Analytical Lexicon of the Greek New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The Complete Word Study Dictionary, New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

Dictionary of Biblical Languages With Semantic Domains: Greek<\/em><\/p>\n

The Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Christian Literature<\/em><\/p>\n

Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains<\/em><\/p>\n

A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint, Revised Edition<\/em><\/p>\n

The New American Standard Greek Dictionary<\/em><\/p>\n

The New Strong\u2019s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible<\/em><\/p>\n

An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon<\/em><\/p>\n

The Theological Dictionary of the New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The Complete Word Study Guide of the New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

Synonyms of the New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

Wuest\u2019s Word Studies in the Greek New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The New International Greek Testament Commentary<\/em><\/p>\n

Word Studies in the New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The ESV English-Greek Reverse Interlinear New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

The NRSV English-Greek Reverse Interlinear New Testament<\/em><\/p>\n

Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, with McReynolds English Interlinear<\/em><\/p>\n

Marshall\u2019s Parallel New Testament in Greek and English<\/em><\/p>\n

Merriam-Webster\u2019s Collegiate Dictionary<\/em><\/p>\n

Therefore, in An Introduction to God <\/em>and Yada Yah<\/em> you will find a complete translation of each Hebrew and Greek word, all rendered in accordance with the definitions and synonyms provided by the world\u2019s most reputable resources. I most always have a dozen or more scholastic tomes open, surrounding me on revolving Jeffersonian carousels, and another score of research tools electronically linked to the text via Logos<\/em> interactive software. It\u2019s a lot of information, so recognize that in the quest to be thorough and accurate, fluidity will suffer. Scripture will not roll off the tongue in familiar word patterns. But if you question, verify, and study the words Yahowah revealed, you will come to know the truth\u2014as God revealed it.<\/p>\n

And yet, this will not be easy. As I have already mentioned, there is a substantial difference between the definitions rendered in the lexicons which bear the names of popular bible translations, and the translations themselves. So if their word definitions are accurate, their translations are not. And in this way, serious students of God\u2019s Word quickly come to appreciate the Achilles\u2019 heel of their bible. If believers questioned the texts they were reading, if they did their homework, they would reject their bibles, their pastors, their church, and their religion.<\/p>\n

That is not to say that we cannot know what God revealed. But it is to say that our quest to understand will not be easy. And that, surprisingly, is exactly as Yahowah wants it to be\u2014at least between now and His Yowm Kippurym<\/em> return in 2033 \u2013 when He will write His Towrah inside of us. He wants all of us to value knowing Him sufficiently to prioritize this endeavor.<\/p>\n

Along these lines, when Yahowah introduces a new term, one that seems to defy normal translation, we will study other verses to see how He initially deploys the concept. For example, the singular Hebrew noun zarow\u2019a<\/em>, is usually translated as \u201carms,\u201d and yet Scripture suggests it means \u201csacrificial lamb.\u201d And at other times, we will find that a good translation just isn\u2019t possible. In that case the word will be transliterated in the text and then explained in subsequent paragraphs. Nesamah, <\/em>whose best analog is \u201cconscience,\u201d is such a term, one we will examine at the end of the \u201cChay<\/em> \u2013 Life\u201d chapter.<\/p>\n

For your benefit, the genitive case (scrubbed of pronouns and conjunctions) of the actual Hebrew words found in Scripture are italicized and set inside parentheses within the text itself. The most generic forms are provided so that you will be able to look them up in Hebrew lexicons. This is also done so that you might gradually become more familiar with God\u2019s most commonly used terms.<\/p>\n

In this regard, understanding is based upon evidence and reason. And the best source of information, at least as it relates to the existence of God and the means to salvation, is a complete and accurate translation of God\u2019s testimony\u2014replete with a comprehensive evaluation of the words He selected to communicate to us. That is why this book is dedicated to Yahowah\u2019s predictions and instructions, not mine\u2014or anyone else\u2019s. This is a conversation with God, not with me. All I have attempted to do is provide a handrail, an augmentation, a running commentary, and a contextual framework for considering and connecting His insights so that they are as revealing as possible. Hopefully, this will encourage you to reflect upon the significance of His words.<\/p>\n

To maintain a clear distinction between my observations and Yahowah\u2019s, Scripture is<\/strong> printed in a bold font.<\/strong> Yahweh\u2019s words (correctly translated) can be trusted. Mine are only there because I want you to think about His. I do not purport to have all the answers\u2014but fortunately I don\u2019t have to because He does, and He has told us where to find them. Revealing them, and where to find them, is the intent of His testimony and thus of this book.<\/p>\n

While my opinions are mostly irrelevant, I think that it\u2019s useful for you to know that I am of the conclusion that the Hebrew Scriptures were without error, so far as language makes that possible, as the inspired writers of the Torah, Prophets, and Psalms (everything from Genesis through Malachi) put quill to parchment two-thousand-five-hundred to three-thousand-five-hundred years ago. But as time passed, occasional scribal errors, a considerable onslaught of religious editing, and changes in language and customs, conspired to rob us of the message which originally permeated the divine texts. These problems were multiplied when the Hebrew manuscripts were translated into Greek, then Latin, en route to being rendered in English. And this issue was exacerbated <\/tt>by political and religious agendas\u2014all designed to make the flock easier to control and fleece.<\/p>\n

In rendering Yahowah\u2019s Word in English as completely and accurately as possible, I have favored the preferred meanings of the Hebrew terms unless a different vocalization of the text or a secondary definition provides a better, more consistent fit considering the context. Etymological roots will be our principle guide as we explore. If a phrase still begs for elucidation, we\u2019ll consider colloquialism, and will always be attuned to metaphors and especially symbolism.<\/p>\n

Hebrew provides a rich linguistic palette\u2014especially for subjects related to human nature and relationships, things Yahowah cares deeply about and about which He had a lot to say. And the language is spiritually revealing. It speaks to mind and soul.<\/p>\n

Some say that there may be a deeper, mystical meaning to passages, some esoteric code latent in Gematria and Equidistant Letter Sequences. While there may be merit to these claims, no matter what\u2019s buried under the words, their plain meaning, and the mental pictures they provide, is primarily what God intended for us to understand.<\/p>\n

Since words comprise the totality of Scripture, and thus prophecy, and since God calls Himself \u201cthe Word,\u201d it\u2019s important that we render His correctly. Words are Yahowah\u2019s most important symbols. His Scripture represents Him, His Word defines Him; it explains His purpose and plan. That shouldn\u2019t be surprising. Words are the basis of most everything: communication, thought, consciousness, relationships, and causality. It is even possible that a communication medium lies at the heart of what we consider matter and energy\u2014the very stuff of creation. We think in words. Without language, virtually nothing can be known and nothing happens. There are no meaningful relationships without words. Written language is considered man\u2019s greatest invention and our most important tool. So when it comes to the Word of God, we will examine His thoughts closely<\/p>\n

********<\/p>\n

\u201cAn Introduction to God\u201d is found at <\/p>\n

And Was Writen by Craig of <\/p>\n

All Glory be to Yahweh!<\/p>\n

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The Nairobi Business Directory \u2013 <\/p>\n

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.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Until quite recently, the Textus Receptus was touted as the foundation of all English translations of the Greek text which is errantly known as \u201cthe Christian New Testament.\u201d And yet it was little more than an intellectual fraud and financial hoax. In October of 1515 CE, a Dutch secular humanist, Desiderius Erasmus, and Johann Froben, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":483,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[829,830,831,832,833,476,834,92,118],"class_list":["post-392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yada-yah","tag-financial-hoax","tag-intellectual-fraud","tag-protestantism","tag-reformation","tag-roman-catholic-clerics","tag-secular-humanist","tag-the-christian-new-testament","tag-torah","tag-yahowsha"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/483"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=392"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":395,"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions\/395"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/empowernetwork.com\/pesamob\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}